The NMJI

Correspondence

VOLUME 17 NUMBER 2 MARCH/APRIL 2004

Scientific writing skills of medical personnel in India: An evaluation:

Introduction
Scientific communication, written and oral, is an essential skill for all scientists. However, no formal training in this field is imparted in our medical schools. It is probably assumed that the students will pick up these skills by themselves as they undergo training in various components of the medical curricula. However, the efficacy of this approach is not known. Little information is available on the knowledge about scientific writing and communication among medical personnel in India. We, therefore, decided to evaluate the knowledge about scientific writing and communication skills of medical personnel.

Methods
Participants attending a 2-day workshop on scientific communication were requested to complete a questionnaire at the beginning of the workshop.

Results
All the 32 workshop participants responded to the questionnaire and represented a wide cross-section of age, research and publication experience, and medical specialties. Two respondents did not provide demographic details; the remaining 30 participants were 23–43 (median 31) years of age and included 8 serving or retired faculty members from various institutions, 7 senior residents, 4 junior residents, 3 scientists, 3 senior research fellows, 1 senior medical officer, 3 PhD students and 1 editorial staff member of a medical journal. Most (24 of 30) participants had published one or more scientific papers (median 4; range 0–100).

Of a maximum possible score of 100 for the 10 questions asked, the median score was 62 (range 16–78). Nine of the 32 (28%) participants had a score below 50. Responses to some of the individual questions are shown in Table I. The total scores obtained by the respondents had no significant correlation with their age (r = –0.32; p=ns).

Table I. Responses to individual questions in the survey
Question
Response
n
Name 3 indexing services
Two correct responses
One correct response
No response
12
15
5
Name 3 indexed Indian medical journals
Three correct responses
Two correct responses
One correct response
No correct response
18
4
7
3
List components to be included in the cover page
Correct
Incorrect
4
28
List components of a structured abstract
Complete correct response
Incomplete but correct
None
3
21
8
Name the source of keyword terms
‘Medical Subject Headings’
Index Medicus
None
6
8
18
Name 4 parts of a scientific paper
All four correctly named
Not correctly named
All correct
30
2
3
measurement
Provide abbreviations for names of 7 medical journals
All correct
5–6 correct responses
3–4 correct responses
1–2 correct responses
None
0
4
9
14
5
Proofreading marks for 7 types of corrections
All correct
5–6 correct responses
3–4 correct responses
1–2 correct responses
None
2
5
8
6
11
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false:
1. References may be used in the abstract
correct responses
incorrect responses
29
3
2. All the important words in the title should be
mentioned as keywords
correct responses
incorrect responses
15
17
3. References are cited in alphabetical order
correct responses
incorrect responses
22
10
4. Tables should be typed in the manuscript where
they are to appear in the text
correct responses
incorrect responses
23
9
Discussion
Our data show that medical and biomedical researchers in India have very limited knowledge of various aspects of scientific writing, including uniform requirements for submission of manuscripts, and of the usual conventions followed. This is particularly disturbing since most of the respondents had published one or more papers in the past and were engaged in research. We were unable to find any published data on the subject.
This lack of writing skills may inhibit our scientists from reporting their research findings. Also, it may reduce the chances of acceptance of their manuscripts. We therefore believe that there is a need to include formal teaching of scientific writing in medical and research training. In fact, our institution runs such a course for its students annually, though attendance at the course is optional.
In the absence of published data, we were unable to compare Indian biomedical scientists with those in other parts of the world. It may be interesting to study this aspect in other geographical regions and to conduct a similar survey in the future to look at time trends in the awareness of writing skills.
Though our data may not be generalizeable, since the workshop participants may have preferentially included those who lacked writing skills and hence decided to attend the workshop, they provide useful information.
Acknowledgement
We are indebted to Late Professor S. R. Naik, former Head of the Department of Gastroenterology at our institution, who organized the workshop on scientific writing and encouraged us to conduct this study.
10 March 2004
Rakesh Aggarwal
Department of Gastroenterology
Vinay K. Kapoor
Department of Surgical Gastroenterology
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
Lucknow 226014
Uttar Pradesh
India
rakesh@sgpgi.ac.in
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